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Use (de) to show that something belongs to someone.

The owner comes first, then , then the thing.

的 lets you say something belongs to someone — without it you would be stuck saying "I tea" instead of "my tea".

Structure

Owner + + Thing

我 + 的 + 茶 → 我茶 (Wǒ + de + chá → wǒ de chá) my tea

Examples

这是我家。 Zhè shì wǒ de jiā.

Breakdown: (this) · (is) · 我的 (my) · (home)

This is my home.

名字是王明。 Wǒ de míngzi shì Wáng Míng.

Breakdown: 我的 (my) · 名字 (name) · (is) · 王明 (Wang Ming)

My name is Wang Ming.

我喜欢我的书。 Wǒ xǐhuan wǒ de shū.

Breakdown: (I) · 喜欢 (like) · 我的 (my) · (book)

I like my book.

这是我的妈妈。 Zhè shì wǒ de māma.

Breakdown: (this) · (is) · 我的 (my) · 妈妈 (mom)

This is my mom.

那是我的爸爸。 Nà shì wǒ de bàba.

Breakdown: (that) · (is) · 我的 (my) · 爸爸 (dad)

That is my dad.

他是我的哥哥。 Tā shì wǒ de gēge.

Breakdown: (he) · (is) · 我的 (my) · 哥哥 (older brother)

He is my older brother.

她是我的姐姐。 Tā shì wǒ de jiějie.

Breakdown: (she) · (is) · 我的 (my) · 姐姐 (older sister)

She is my older sister.

我的弟弟喜欢茶。 Wǒ de dìdi xǐhuan chá.

Breakdown: 我的 (my) · 弟弟 (younger brother) · 喜欢 (likes) · (tea)

My younger brother likes tea.

我的妹妹是学生。 Wǒ de mèimei shì xuéshēng.

Breakdown: 我的 (my) · 妹妹 (younger sister) · (is) · 学生 (student)

My younger sister is a student.

Common Mistakes

Leaving out 的

- Incorrect: 我茶 (Wǒ chá) - Correct: 我的茶 (Wǒ de chá) — my tea

Reversing the order like English "of"

- Incorrect: 书的他 (Shū de tā) - Correct: 他的书 (Tā de shū) — his book

的 works like English's -'s (Owner's Thing), not like "of" (Thing of Owner). Reaching for the "of" pattern reverses the order.

What Can You Say Now?

You can now say that things belong to you or to someone else, and introduce your family — 我的家 (my home), 我的姐姐 (my older sister) — just by placing 的 between the owner and the thing. Try naming your family members out loud with 我的... to lock in the pattern.

Quick Summary

Owner + 的 + Thing: 我的茶 = my tea.

Word

的 - de

(Connects a description or owner to a noun, like 's in English (e.g. 我的书 = my book).)

妈妈 - ma1 ma

(Mom.)

爸爸 - ba4 ba

(Dad.)

哥哥 - ge1 ge

(Older brother.)

姐姐 - jie3 jie

(Older sister.)

弟弟 - di4 di

(Younger brother.)

妹妹 - mei4 mei

(Younger sister.)

家 - jia1

(Home; family; a suffix for specialists, e.g. musician.)

名字 - ming2 zi

(Name.)

书 - shu1

(Book; letter; to write.)